Anxiety is something that all humans experience. In fact, if you did not experience any anxiety you would be considered to be abnormal. Our anxiety system developed in hunter-gatherer years and at that time it was a very useful system in helping us to survive and thrive into this day and age. The problem with the anxiety system is that although it was useful in hunter-gatherer times it really is not very useful today.
The Fight-or-Flight Response
When our ancestors encountered a predator, the anxiety system triggered a cascade of physical responses -- increased heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, and heightened alertness. These responses prepared the body to either fight the threat or flee from it. This system was perfectly adapted for survival in a world of physical dangers.
Anxiety in the Modern World
In modern life, the threats we face are rarely physical. Instead, we worry about work deadlines, financial pressures, social situations, health concerns, and relationship difficulties. Yet our anxiety system responds in exactly the same way it did thousands of years ago -- flooding our bodies with adrenaline and cortisol as if we were facing a predator.
This mismatch between our ancient anxiety system and our modern environment is at the heart of many anxiety disorders. The system that once kept us safe now fires too frequently, too intensely, or in situations where the "threat" is not actually dangerous.
When Anxiety Becomes a Problem
A certain level of anxiety is normal and even helpful -- it motivates us to prepare for exams, meet deadlines, and stay alert in genuinely risky situations. However, anxiety becomes a problem when:
It is out of proportion to the actual situation
It persists long after the trigger has passed
It begins to interfere with daily life, work, or relationships
It leads to avoidance of situations that are important to you
Physical symptoms become distressing or debilitating
Getting Help
Understanding your anxiety is the first step towards managing it. Evidence-based therapies such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can help you develop a healthier relationship with your anxiety, reduce unhelpful responses, and build practical coping strategies.
If anxiety is affecting your quality of life, speaking to a psychologist can help you understand what is driving your symptoms and work towards meaningful change.
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